A Pacific centered view of the world... of course.
Not sure if there is a simple out of the box solution, but the 0-360 based coordinate framework is certainly used for other celestial bodies.
A quick skim leads to an add-in you could experiment with https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=cff0eb2e740d4afd81525c9020673ec0.
I don't work with data centred in that area, and most posts are related to doing a physical shift of the data by recombining the east/west parts, rather than just a display issue.
I will flag MKennedy-esristaff since I am sure she could lead you to a simple solution since this is undoubtedly not the first time this question has arisen (this time I will bookmark it)