In ArcGIS JavaScript API 3.x support creating ArcGISTiledMapServiceLayer based on cached MapService/ImageService with custom tiling sceme (for example the scale's levels can be not half of the preceding scale level) . In ArcGIS JavaScript API 4.x we have to meet these definations: The web scene viewer has additional tiling scheme requirements that must be met for tile layers to be displayed correctly. These include: Each scale level must be half of the preceding scale level within a tolerance of 8-9 decimals. The tile size must be 256 by 256 when sharing to Portal for ArcGIS 10.4.1 or earlier. When sharing to Portal for ArcGIS 10.5 and ArcGIS Online, the tile size can also be 512 by 512. The scale of level 0 must fit within the extent of the layer.
... View more