ArcGIS Datastore license expiration is equal to ArcGIS Server Hosted expiration
The command line updatelicense
This utility is used with relational data stores.
If your ArcGIS Server license expires, you must update the license on the ArcGIS Server site. The license information is also stored in the ArcGIS Data Store relational data store; therefore, after updating the license of the ArcGIS Server site with which the data store is configured, you must update the license in the data store. To do that, run the updatelicense utility from the machine where your primary ArcGIS Data Store is installed. If you have a standby ArcGIS Data Store, the updated license will be replicated to it.
source: https://enterprise.arcgis.com/en/data-store/latest/install/windows/data-store-utility-reference.htm