More trial and error: Seems the CORS component is NOT the problem. I can use jQuery to $.getJSON using either plain JSON, or by including "?callback=?" in the URL, JSONP.
It seems that IE 10 and ArcGIS CORS works about the same as ArcGIS proxy which, for me, is poorly. I construct layers dynamically and then loop through each layer generating a queryTask for each. The result is supposed to build dynamically on the browser page ( which it does in every browser except IE ).
Using IE, when I create and add new feature layers before the earlier layer has finished loading, then the map does not display properly. This process works correctly in other browsers.
When I delay between each additional new feature layer, then IE10 displays properly.
My "click map" function is supposed to report feature layer values within a buffer of the click point. This is the loop for each feature layer that creates a new queryTask and builds the web page dynamically. This works well in all browsers except IE.
When I insert a javascript alert function in the loop for each feature layer, then the report completes correctly in IE.; in my humble opinion, there seems to be something amiss in the way ArcGIS JavaScript API handles data requests when run from IE.
CORS support for IE10 in ArcGIS is not a problem.