For Electron, you'll need to rename the node require.
So maybe in your index.html you would have this
<script>
var nodereq = window.require;
var dojoConfig = {
async: true
};
</script>
The in your app, you could do this.
var configs = nodereq('./helper');
var ipc = nodereq('ipc');
require(["esri/Map"], function(Map) {/*stuff*/});
And the Electron portion of your app can work as normal waiting for ipc messages.
I've done some Electron stuff with the JSAPI in the past, maybe I should do a small post on it.
Hope that helps.