Arcade is an expression language that is supported across ArcGIS. Arcade in pop-ups can be used in two ways; to create attribute expressions used in text elements that can be evaluated like fields, or as separate Arcade content elements that return a complete block of content. Using Arcade expressions and elements, you can take your pop-ups to the next level.
One of the best ways to learn more about Arcade in pop-ups is to examine existing examples. The ArcGIS Living Atlas Esri Federal Data collection contains many maps that have used Arcade to format and deliver expressive pop-ups. You'll find simple examples of formatting text, translating codes or acronyms into readable strings, handling text case, and much more.
Just open a map, click Pop-ups on the Settings (light) toolbar, then view the attribute expressions to view the existing expressions to learn more.
For more information and to see more examples, see Pop-ups: Arcade essentials.