Yes, definitely!
In the Catalog pane/panel, you can right-click a map to copy it, then paste it back into the Maps folder of your project. Or you can use the Insert tab of the main ribbon or right-click on Maps in the Catalog and add a new map item. (See relevant docs)
On a Layout item, all you need to do is create separate Map Frame elements and point each frame at a different map in your project. There are settings in the map frames to have them sync with each other in terms of size / scale so that your maps have a nice uniformity to them. (See relevant docs)
- Josh Carlson
Kendall County GIS