Hi Mark,
When you said 'Sync to ArcGIS Oniline', do you mean to submit the captured records (features) to the feature service on ArcGIS Online (correct me if I am wrong here)? If so, then the 'CreationDate' data field of the layer represents the date/time when a record is added to the feature service as a geometry. This is probably is what you saw as the 'sync date'.
In QuickCapture, there is a device variable called captureTime that records the actual time when the record is captured on your device, and it is automatically mapped to the Date field called 'Fix Time' of the point layer. Can you check if your point layer has this field and if the captured date/time value is what you are expecting? However, if Fix Time is not there, we will need to find out if there's another way. For lines and polylines, we don't have such automated mapping mechanism yet, you will have to manually add two Date fields and match them with QuickCapture device variables 'startTime' and 'endTime' separately, in order to capture the date/time of line and polygon features.
As for EXIF data, you can try open and download the photo attachment and then view it in an EXIF viewer such as http://metapicz.com/#landing. I'm not an expert in Pro's Map Series though.
Let me if this helps. If you need further assistance from our end, please feel free to email QuickCapture@esri.com and send your data (if possible) and we will take a look. Could you also help identify which version of the mobile app was used for data capture?
Thanks,
Mandy