Also check for if you have duplicate content e.g. fi the XLSForm has the same values, or if you have a folder from an earlier failed publish
https://support.esri.com/en/technical-article/000020640
I find that sometimes survey submission issues are tied to XLSForm designs, or moving of the content from one owner to another.
The sharing should be both the form and the layer (view / whatever the survey is targeting). Generally best to share through the Survey123 website to ensure it shares the right one. Generally I'd expect a permissions error, not this, so leaning more towards a field/content issue as per the above technical article.
Sharing a link to the survey and the XLSForm will help significantly.