Hi Paul,
> For example, Say I have a pipeline feature, and I want to change the coating between two points. ... Could I position my begin and end points, and then select the between section to modify (essentially the tabular data)?
I'm not clear on what you're asking above. Did you want to select an existing line feature, then edit its attribute(s)? Yes, this is possible with Collector for ArcGIS.
Or is your workflow more complicated, for example - you select a line feature, then define a start and an end point (to select a segment of the line feature), then edit an attribute for just the line segment? If yes, then this is not possible in Collector.
FYI, Collector for ArcGIS Help | Downloads, Tutorials & Documentation
Hope this helps,