Adrian,
Yes, you can use PyCharm with ArcGIS Pro, its a commonly used IDE for working with ArcPy and the rest of the ArcGIS Python distribution. The Python distributed with Pro uses conda, and PyCharm has documentation on how to configure access to conda as its interpreter:
Configuring Conda Environment - Help | PyCharm
Once you've configured that, just set it as the active interpreter for the project, and you should be off to the races. Let us know if you have any questions or issues.
Cheers,
Shaun