I think that the "AlterField_management" example provided by Sephe Fox is probably the best way to go. For older versions of ArcGIS you could go with the Add Field, Calculate Field and Delete Field, but if you have access to the Alter Field tool, you can better use that one.
The code provided by Sephe looks OK to me, but could be written a little shorter, assuming that they are all text fields and the "ws10" can also be omitted:
import arcpy
fc = r'path to your feature class'
flds = arcpy.ListFields(fc, field_type="String")
for fld in flds:
if fld.name.startswith("All_txt_ws10"):
arcpy.AlterField_management(fc, fld.name, fld.name.replace("All_txt_ws10",""), fld.name.replace("All_txt_ws10",""))
Note: although the help states that the input field should be of type field, it actually only works if you provide the input field name.
I'll report this to Esri.
Edit 1: just reported to Esri
Edit 2: added the alias, since otherwise the old name is still shown to the user