If you open the service properties and go to Caching -> Advanced Settings, can you take a screen capture of the scales listed.
Ex;
I would also consider setting the min and max scales to values around the scales you want the data to show at. If you set it for the exact scale value, it can cause problems.
For example, if your layer for the 1:564 ArcGIS Online scale has a minimum scale of 564 in the map document, it will not show when cached. I believe the actual scale value is something like 1:564.249 - which is beyond 564.