Check out a few things:
1) I did mention text anti-aliasing also, but I'm primarily asking about anti-aliasing of the map. See here, where it says "Best", this is what I'm after:
2) I'm using "Manage Tile Cache" in Desktop, which is done completely independent of ArcGIS Server. It does not use map service settings, it uses the settings in the geoprocessing tool and settings in the tiling scheme .xml file. The "Anti-Aliasing: Best" setting that I reference in the above image is nowhere to be found here.
3) The tiling scheme xml file has the following section:
<TileImageInfo xsi:type='typens:TileImageInfo'>
<CacheTileFormat>MIXED</CacheTileFormat>
<CompressionQuality>90</CompressionQuality>
<Antialiasing>true</Antialiasing>
<BandCount>1</BandCount>
<LERCError>0</LERCError>
</TileImageInfo>
So in there I can set anti-aliasing to "true", but there is nothing in there to set the quality of AA (Faster, Fast, Normal, Best) like you can when publishing a map service. I was hoping there was maybe another parameter I could add in there to accomplish this.