Yes, the progression was 10.2.2 to 10.5.1 on Win7. It was noticeably slow on 10.5.1, however, I do mostly server work. My team does a lot of cartography and editing, so it affected them more consistently.
Then a few weeks ago we migrated our workstations to Win10. Clean install and reinstalled all the programs. ArcMap 10.5.1 is still slow. The only thing I restored was my ArcCatalog Folder Connections and SDE connection files. Figuring maybe that was the issue, I even wiped that out to see if a completely fresh install of ArcMap would have the same issues, and it did.
Yes, I use Pro for a lot of things, mainly geoprocessing. However, even since I got Win10, it crashes when trying to open any windows directory through the program (for instance, when I'm browsing for a SDE connection to connect to).
Since I manage a lot of map services, I use ArcMap to author and publish those.