So if I'm understanding the question correctly, you want to break the symbology of a continuous raster dataset into say 5 classes for discrete colors. If this is the case, click the raster layer in the Catalog Pane, then you'll see a contextual tab on the ribbon that says Raster Layer. On the Raster Layer tab, in the Rendering group is the Symbology tool. Click that. In the Symbology Pane, select Classify for the Primary symbology, choose your classification method, set the number of classes you want, choose your color scheme. On the classes tab, you can set the upper value for each class or click the Histogram and manually set them there too.