As of now, Visual Studio 2017 is not supported by ESRI but seems like these components will be required.
Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.CoreEditor
ID: Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.Universal
ID: Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.NetWeb
ID: Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.NetCoreTools
😧 Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.ManagedDesktop