I think I've just found a solution to this issue. For example, if you have a File Geodatabase Feature Class, in Catalog View, right-click | Data Design | Fields to see the Fields view. Then, with your mouse, click on the little half-arrow in the top left corner of interface window, to the left of "Field Name". This selects the entire thing. Copy (ctrl c) and then paste into Excel (ctrl v). It works, exactly as we want. Highlighting all the rows does not work, but clicking the upper left arrow to highlight the entire "table" does. (ArcGIS Pro 2.9.3, Excel for Microsoft 365, Windows 10).