Hello.
Unfortunately, the Repair Geometry geoprocessing tool does not work on enterprise geodatabases.
But if you look at what that tool does, you could probably find other tools to do what it's doing. For example, some of the more common geometry issues that I come across are NULL geometries. You can use Select By Attribute to select where the Shape_Area or Shape_Length is NULL or 0 and then Delete those features.
Another is polylines with duplicate vertices. You can use Generalize or Simplify Line to remove excess vertices.
Good Luck!
michellej.