Hi Antti,
I've checked the sample you mentioned. I didn't know that I need to set the DataContext of the MapView to HydrographicS52DisplayProperties. Now it works fine.
Thanks a lot!
For those who are interested:
HydrographicS52DisplayProperties displayProperties = HydrographicS52DisplayProperties.Default;
displayProperties.ColorScheme = S52ColorScheme.DayBright;
displayProperties.DisplayDepthUnits = S52DisplayDepthUnits.Meters;
<!--MainMapView ist the XAML-Name of my MapView (<esri:MapView x:Name="MainMapView") -->
MainMapView.DataContext = displayProperties;